Tibesti massif include in Borkou region. The Tibesti massif lies in northern Chad, adjacent to the border with libya. The massif rises to over 3,000 m at several points, with peaks at Pic Tousside (3,315 m) and Emi Koussi (3,415 m). At a number of places in the massif there is conspicuous surface water, both in permanent pools (gueltas), found among the rocks and ravines, and also in the seasonal watercourses which flow following rain. Some of the wadis are bordered by Acacia spp. and elsewhere most areas are vegetated either with sparse scrub or annual grasses such as Cornulaca monacantha. The rainfall, such as it is, usually occurs between February and May, but is unpredictable both in timing and amount. The height of the Tibesti massif means that it receives rather more rainfall than neighbouring areas of the Sahara, but any reduction in rainfall will seriously affect the vegetation and water-bodies which are an important factor in maintaining the conservation value of the site.

Sixteen species of fish, the majority of them endemic to the area, occur in the wadis and gueltas of the Tibesti masssif. The Saharomontane flora of Tibesti and Ennedi comprises some 350 known plant species, of which eight are near-endemic to the area.

However, given the importance of the area for its Saharan avifauna, and also other fauna and flora, a potential site
is tentatively suggested. The site, towards the north-western extreme of the massif, incorporates the Pic Tousside. The proposed boundaries are formed by the Sherda to Zouar road between the road junction with a fork to Bardai and the point where the Tibesti-Borkou provincial boundary crosses the road, following the provincial boundary in a straight line to the point where it reaches the Falaise de l’Aguer-Tay, from there in a straight line northwards to the town of Aderke, from there along the road to Bardai, from Bardai in a straight line to the town of Wour, and from Wour following the road to the junction with a turning to Bardai. This site incorporates a 3,315 m peak, many ouadis running from the peak and a number of gueltas.

Where there was once water flowing off Emi Koussi and the Tibesti Massif, many sharp valleys formed, diverging in all directions. During an expedition in 1907, Captain J. Tilho found within one of the Tibesti water holes a living crocodile, a survivor of the residual fauna of that wetter time.

Incoming search terms:

• tibesti massif
• ennedi
• Tibesti
• rainfall tibesti

Chad Short History

The area around Lake Chad has been inhabited since at least 500 B.C. In the 8th century A.D. , Berbers began migrating to the area. Islam arrived in 1085, and by the 16th century a trio of rival kingdoms flourished: the Kanem-Bornu, Baguirmi, and Ouaddaï. During the years 1883–1893, all three kingdoms came under the rule of the Sudanese conqueror Rabih al-Zubayr. In 1900, Rabih was overthrown by the French, who absorbed these kingdoms into the colony of French Equatorial Africa, as part of Ubangi-Shari (now the Central African Republic), in 1913. In 1946, the territory, now known as Chad, became an autonomous republic within the French Community.

Chad, part of France’s African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of civil warfare as well as invasions by Libya before a semblance of peace was finally restored in 1990. The government eventually drafted a democratic constitution and held flawed presidential elections in 1996 and 2001. In 1998, a rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which has sporadically flared up despite several peace agreements between the government and the rebels. In 2005, new rebel groups emerged in western Sudan and made probing attacks into eastern Chad despite signing peace agreements in December 2006 and October 2007. Power remains in the hands of an ethnic minority. In June 2005, President Idriss DEBY held a referendum successfully removing constitutional term limits and won another controversial election in 2006. Sporadic rebel campaigns continued throughout 2006 and 2007. The capital experienced a significant rebel threat in early 2008.

Chad Economy Data

Chad’s primarily agricultural economy will continue to be boosted by major foreign direct investment projects in the oil sector that began in 2000. At least 80% of Chad’s population relies on subsistence farming and livestock raising for its livelihood. Chad’s economy has long been handicapped by its landlocked position, high energy costs, and a history of instability. Chad relies on foreign assistance and foreign capital for most public and private sector investment projects. A consortium led by two US companies has been investing $3.7 billion to develop oil reserves – estimated at 1 billion barrels – in southern Chad. Chinese companies are also expanding exploration efforts and are currently building a 300-km pipeline and the country’s first refinery. The nation’s total oil reserves are estimated at 1.5 billion barrels. Oil production came on stream in late 2003. Chad began to export oil in 2004. Cotton, cattle, and gum arabic provide the bulk of Chad’s non-oil export earnings.

• Agriculture products: cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca); cattle, sheep, goats, camels
• Industries: oil, cotton textiles, meatpacking, brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials
• Exports commodities: oil, cattle, cotton, gum arabic
• Imports commodities: machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles
• Oil production: 126,200 bbl/day
• Oil consumption: 2,000 bbl/day
• Natural resources: petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad), gold, limestone, sand and gravel, salt
The effects on foreign investment of years of civil war are still felt today, as investors who left Chad between 1979-82 have only recently begun to regain confidence in the country’s future. The most important economic venture to date is the Doba Basin oil extraction project in southern Chad. The project included unique mechanisms for World Bank, private sector, government, and civil society collaboration to guarantee that future oil revenues would benefit local populations and result in poverty alleviation.

Oil exploitation in the southern Doba region began in June 2000, with U.S.-based Exxon Mobil leading a consortium in a $3.7 billion project to export oil via a 1,000-km. buried pipeline through Cameroon to the Gulf of Guinea. Beginning in late 2000, development of Chad’s petroleum sector stimulated economic growth by attracting major investment and increased levels of U.S. trade. Oil revenue began trickling into the country in July 2004. It was hoped that this project would serve as a catalyst for the entire economy by helping to reduce energy costs and attracting additional trade and investment in other sectors. However, the question remains whether Chad will continue to consolidate its economic reforms and invest its oil revenues wisely in order to encourage a wider range of economic initiatives. Political controversy surrounding elections and a rebellion in northern Chad also dampen Chad’s economic prospects somewhat by exposing the weaknesses in Chad’s political institutions.

The U.S. Government expressed both concern and disappointment after the Government of Chad on August 26, 2006 ordered Chevron Oil Corporation and Petronas, members of the Exxon Mobil-led and operated oil consortium, to cease operations and leave Chad within 24 hours for alleged non-payment of income taxes.

Chevron and Petronas entered into a tax agreement in 2000 with the government, represented by Petroleum Minister Mahamat Hassan Nasser, when they replaced Elf and Shell as minority members of the consortium. The companies assert that the agreement authorizes them to use a special depreciation schedule allowing greater tax deductions than those afforded consortium partner Exxon Mobil. The Government of Chad, however, claimed that the 2000 tax agreement was illegal, because it was negotiated by officials without proper authority and was not vetted by the National Assembly. The Government of Chad also announced plans to press charges against negotiating officials, and on August 28, 2006 replaced Nasser, as well as Economic Minister Mahamat Ali Hassan and Farming Minister Moucktar Moussa. Chevron and Petronas consider the Government of Chad to have violated its contractual obligations and planned to seek recourse through all diplomatic and legal means. While the U.S. takes no position on the merits of the dispute, it has urged all parties involved to respect any binding contractual commitments.

Chad Map



Incoming search terms:

• map of chad
• political map of chad
• map of chads resources
• resource map chad
• chad resources
• chad political map
• Chad map
• chad economic map
• chad economic growth
• tibesti massif map
]]> http://gochad.net/2011/12/about-chad/feed/ 0 http://gochad.net/2011/12/creating-a-travel-plan-for-chad-vacation/ http://gochad.net/2011/12/creating-a-travel-plan-for-chad-vacation/#comments Tue, 27 Dec 2011 20:14:18 +0000 admin http://gochad.net/?p=23

Planning is key to enjoying a great Chad Vacation. Taking the time to plan your trip ahead of time is the best way to enjoy your vacation. Planning is not only needed to enjoy your vacation, but to stay within your budget, and have a backup plan should anything go awry.

When creating a Chad vacation travel plan, it is advised that you include the cost of your trip, as well as your spending money. If you are planning a family trip, you may want to let your children participate in the plan by letting them decide where they’d like to go and what they’d like to see. A Chad travel plan is also important because it can and should be used to manage your time. Careful planning can prevent burnout. You are encouraged to make a list of the top destinations that you would like to see. Be sure to include historical landmarks, lake, national park and anything else that peaks your interest.




Planning your budget will help prevent spending on an impulse. You will find that there are many opportunities to purchase souvenirs in Chad. With a preplanned budget, you should be able to enjoy your travelling. You can easily use calculators to determine the exchange rate between your country and Chad. Taking the exchange rate into consideration is the best way to effectively budget your money. You should also plan for tipping when preparing your budget.

Planning for your entertainment ahead of time will help to prevent overspending. You should determine ahead of time what activities you would like to engage in. Planning and budgeting for your Chad vacation can be difficult, especially when it comes to entertainment. You may find that you and your family will want to make a last minute stop. This is why it is advised that you plan for unexpected stops and purchases. If you have already set aside some money for an unexpected activity, you won’t have to worry about the cost of a last minute decision.

Finally, your plan should consist of contact information and an emergency back up plan. Whenever you are visiting a foreign country, it is important that you create an itinerary with all of your information and the details of your trip. That itinerary should be left with a close friend, family member, neighbor, or co-worker. In addition, you should also register with the your country Embassy or Consulate offices when you arrive. If anything happens while you are in Chad, seeking the help of the your country Embassy or the nearest consulate office will provide the quickest and most effective assistance.

Before leaving for Chad, make sure that you have up-to-date passports for all family members, as well as other forms of identification. By creating a travel plan, sticking to your budget, and creating an emergency backup plan, you can ensure that you family will have a wonderful Chad Vacation.

Best Hotel for your Chad Vacation

Novotel NDjamena La Tchadienne
The Novotel NDjamena La Tchadienne is located on the banks of the Chari River in the west of the capital, five minutes from the airport and five minutes from the city centre. The hotel offers 153 rooms, two restaurants, two bars open until midnight, an outdoor swimming pool, a tennis court and a petanque area, all in quiet, leafy surroundings. The hotel is ideal for a business trip or a holiday in NDjamena with your partner or family. Private parking within the hotel. It’s best hotel for your Chad Vacation.

Incoming search terms:

• chad vacation
• novotel chad
]]> http://gochad.net/2011/12/creating-a-travel-plan-for-chad-vacation/feed/ 0 http://gochad.net/2011/12/best-destination-places-go-to-chad/ http://gochad.net/2011/12/best-destination-places-go-to-chad/#comments Sun, 25 Dec 2011 17:11:41 +0000 admin http://gochad.net/?p=6

Chad is one beautiful countries of the Saharan Africa. The name Chad is a local word meaning “large expanse of water,” in other words, a LAKE. It is bordered by Libya to its south, Niger and Cameroon to its east, Central African Republic to its North, and Sudan to its west. Chad’s post-independence history has been marked by instability and violence stemming mostly from tension between the mainly Arab-Muslim north and the predominantly Christian and animist south. Chad became an oil-producing nation in 2003 with the completion of a $4bn pipeline linking its oilfields to terminals on the Atlantic coast. The government has moved to relax a law controlling the use of oil money, which the World Bank had made a condition of its $39m loan.


The population of Chad is made up of 200 ethnic groups. The official languages are French and Arabic but local languages are widely used (Sara in the south, Arabic, Ouadi and Toubon in the north). Chad is surrounded on three sides by mountain ranges. Apart from the fertile lowlands in the south, the country is arid in the centre and largely desert in the mountainous north.

Best Places in Chad

Chad is also a country that boasts of some wonderful places to visit, and here are some of them.

Lake Chad

This is a historic site since it was once the center for the salt trade industry in Africa. But now, it is rapidly shrinking, and there are fewer animals around lake chad. But still, this is a good place to visit, and it is best to visit this lake at about August to December when it is at its fullest, and you can see a lone hippopotamus or a lone crocodile swim by.



The entire Lake Chad basin holds 179 fish species, of which more than half are shared with the Niger River Basin, about half are shared with the Nile River Basin, and about a quarter are shared with the Congo River Basin. Lake Chad itself holds 85 fish species. Of the 25 endemics in the basin, only Brycinus dageti is found in the lake itself, and it is perhaps better treated as a dwarf subspecies of Brycinus nurse. This relatively low species richness and virtual lack of endemic fish species contrasts strongly with other large African lakes such as Victoria, Tanganyika and Malawi.

Zakouma, Chad National Park

This 305, 000-hectare park, 800km southeast of N’Djaména, is a major Chadian success story. After poaching and civil war ravaged local wildlife, the Chadian government and the European Union restocked the park with an eye on the affluent European tourist market. Consequently, Zakouma Chad National Park is once again one of the best places in Central Africa to see large herds of elephants, as well as giraffes, wildebeests, lions and a wide variety of antelopes, primates and birdlife. The best time to come is March and April when the animals congregate around watering holes. It is not possible to visit from June to October because of the rains.

Tibesti Mountains

This is a must-see place as it is home to the Toubou Tribe. This is also popular for its racing camels. What you can see here are majestic chasms and crags, perfect for any nature lover. The Tibesti massif is nearly free of accumulated vegetal soil, and robust plant life is deficient in almost every area throughout the year. The Tibesti Mountains lies in the ecological region, they called Tibesti-Djebel Uweinat Montane Xeric Woodlands. In these mountains, there is only one lake, the Mare de Zoui, along with a number of oases.



Incoming search terms:

• Zakouma National Park
• zakouma national park chad
• national parks in chad africa
• Niger river basin
• tibesti mountains chad africa
• mountains of chad
• wildlife in lake chad
• jezero cad
• zakouma national park chad africa
• chad basin
]]> http://gochad.net/2011/12/best-destination-places-go-to-chad/feed/ 0